Diabetes is one of several diseases that have insulin-related problems. The pancreas, an organ below the stomach, generally releases insulin to help your body store and utilize the fats and carbohydrates from the food you eat. Diabetes is a chronic condition. 18.2 million Americans are thought to have the illness, and nearly 5.2 million of them are completely ignorant of their condition. Pre-diabetes affects an estimated 41 million people. There is no remedy as of now. Diabetes sufferers must control their condition to maintain their health. Today we will discus following topics:
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Diabetes:
Diabetes is a chronic metabolic disease in which a person's body is unable to control the level of sugar in blood.It has adverse damage to the heart,blood vessels, eyes, kidneys and nerves.
Types of diabetes.
- Type-I diabetes mellitus
- Type-II diabetes mellitus
- Prediabetes mellitus
Type - I diabetes:
A chronic condition in which the pancreas produces little or no insulin.
Type - II diabetes:
A long term medical condition in which your body doesn't use insulin properly resulting in unusual blood sugar levels.
Pre-diabetes:
A condition in which blood sugar is high but not high enough to be type 2 diabetes.
Clinical manifestations:
- Classic signs: Polyuria, Polydipsia,and Polyphagia
- Sudden vision changes,fatigue,somnolence,wounds,or skin lesions that are slow to heal.
Diagnosis
- Fasting plasma glucose levels above 125mg/dl
- Random and postprandial (2hours)blood sugar levels more than 200mg/dl
- Other test includes glycosylated hemoglobin which helps to assess the blood sugar level in the last three months.
Complications of diabetes mellitus.
●Acute :Hypoglycemia,Hypoglycemic hyperosmolar nonketotic syndrome(HHNS)and Diabetic ketoacidosos(DKA)
Chronic:
Blood Glucose Monitor with OneTouch Reveal mobile application- Macrovascular diseases, affects coronary,peripheral and cerebral circulations.
- Microvascular disease affects eyes(retinopathy)and kidneys (nephropathy)
- Neuropathic disease affects sensory motor and autonaomic nerves which leads to impotence and food ulcers
Treatment:
Treatment includes diet,exercise,medication,insulin therapy.
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Foods to eat in diabetes:
- Fruits: Apples, oranges, berries
- Vegetables: Cauliflower, broccoli, cucumber, Brown rice, walnuts, olive oil, avocados, vegetable juice, water, black coffee
Foods to avoid in diabetes:
Beef, pork, cheese, whole milk, ice cream, deserts, fried foods, cookies, soda, sweet tea.
Recommended diet restriction in percentage.
- Fat intake should equal 20%_30% Of total calories.
- Protein intake 10%_20%of total calories.
- Carbohydrate intake 50%_60%of calories.
- Cholesterol intake300mg or less.
- Fibre intake,20_30g daily.
- Sodium intake2_3gm daily.
Exercises:
It includes walking, cycling, swimming, Aerobic dance.
Medication:
{As Recommend by Doctor} There are some food supplements in the market that can help you to maintain blood sugar. Here is an example bellow.
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| Ensure Diabetes Care- Nutrition to Help Control Blood Sugar Levels- 400 gm Jar | Buy now |
Insulin Therapy:
Here is a Chart that follows to treat Diabetes SOS by medical Care Professionals.
| Types of insulins | Oneset of action | Peak action | Duration of Action |
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| Regular insulin | 30-60 minutes | 1-5 hours | 6-10 hours |
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Rapid-action insulines lispro (Humalog) and aspart (Novo log) |
2-25 min | 30-90 min | 2-5 hour |
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Intermediate- acting insulin (NPH) or Lente insulin |
1-4 hours | 6-12 hours | 12-24 hours |
| Long acting Insulins | 4-8 hours | 16-18 hours | Up to 30 hours |
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